Sistema gastrointestinal y digestivo

Abstracto

A Comparative Study of Laparoscopic vs. Open Cholecystectomy in a Suburban Teaching Hospital

Tanweer Karim, Abhinandan Kadyal

Background: Gallstones are common in Indian population and its treatment has shown a decisive shift from open to minimally invasive route. There is no doubt that laparoscopy require longer and steeper learning curve and incur higher cost, especially in the absence of health insurance to majority of suburban and rural Indian population. However, preferences of patients are changing rapidly due to better level of awareness and availability of healthcare facility. The guidelines issued by Medical Council of India on laparoscopic training for postgraduate surgical residents has shown favorable results for patients, junior faculties and residents.

Aims: To study safety and efficacy of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in patients of cholelithiasis by comparing with results of open cholecystectomy by comparing use of Post-operative analgesia, Operative Time, Post-operative hospital stay, morbidity and mortality.

Material and Method: It is a prospective randomized study of 100 Patients of cholelithiasis aged between 25 years to 65 years operated during 2011-2012 at a suburban teaching hospital. They were divided into open and laparoscopic cholecystectomy group by draw a lot method. Patient’s written valid informed consent for the particular procedure was taken and the pros and cons of both the procedure were explained in detail to the patient. This study was done after due clearance of Ethical committee.

Results: The median (range) operation time for laparoscopic cholecystectomy was 50-175 min (mean=103.98 min) and 35-95 min (mean=70 min) for open cholecystectomy (p<0.001). During the study period operation time for laparoscopic cholecystectomy showed a tendency to become shorter. The use of Injectable analgesics in case of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (Mean no. of days=1.5) is considerably less than open cholecystectomy (Mean no. of days=3.36). Conversion rate in literature in laparoscopic cholecystectomy ranges from 3% to 15% in well trained hands. In our series it is 6% in spite of being a teaching and training institution.

Conclusion: Minimally invasive surgery is better than open cholecystectomy in terms of post-operative pain, analgesic requirement and early return to work. However, open cholecystectomy is preferred method for Surgeons in the beginning of their career and in case of difficult cholecystectomy.